Website Migration Project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Website Migration Project - Term Paper Example It entails the technical, functional and aesthetic factors that relate to a website. The focus of web architecture is on the user and particularly on their requirements. Web architecture addresses this by focusing on the web content, usability, business plan, interaction design, web design and information architecture. Web architecture is also a fundamental concept that includes web site map and website navigation (Linux Home Networking, 2011). In the Tony’s Chips context, the website will be a two-tiered web architecture that entails the web browser that will be used to display the information and content to the different users and a web server that is used to transfer the requested information to the clients/users. Essentially, web pages will be designed using the conventional HTML language, the site will also maintain the initial URL (universal Resource Locator) this will allow it to be accessed and used by users globally. Websites are either internally (self hosting) or externally hosted. Each of these options has different advantages and disadvantages depending on the business needs and requirements. The decision as to whether to self host or externally host a website is dependent on many factors including cost, reliability, convenience, privacy and other ethical concerns. Tonys’ Chips wishes to transfer their website from external hosting to internal (self) hosting. In order to achieve this objective, there are several steps and procedures that must be followed for effectiveness and reliability. The aim is to move the website from an external host to an internal host with minimum or limited down time and disruptions to the normal business operations. Many technologies have been invented that has ultimately made the transfer of web sites from one host to another easier. Despite the leap in technology advancement, there are minimal downtimes and delays expected in the transfer. Such transfers

LEADERSHIP CRITIQUE PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LEADERSHIP CRITIQUE PAPER - Essay Example However, some critics feel that he too, like all other good leaders, suffered from some subtle weaknesses in his style of leadership. He is often charged with the accusation of being too much authoritative while making decisions, sometimes to the extent of imposing his autonomy on his fellow officials. We may take for instance his stop-and-frisk policy which unreasonably targets the Muslim and the black communities. But despite all these criticisms, the public believes that he possessed a kind of innovation and ingenuity never seen before in the NYPD. He resorted to the use of latest technology to strengthen the department’s hold on the crime rates. In 2012, he joined hands with Microsoft to launch a law enforcement technology for the real-time analysis of public safety data to predict latent threats and criminal activities. In 2013, he implemented the use of license plate readers in the traffic lanes which were linked to the domain awareness system to monitor the exit and ent ry points to the city. Some of the articles by his contemporary authors provide a deeper insight into Kelly’s leadership style and his effectiveness as a leader of the NYPD. An article that talks about the recent changes that have seeped into the law enforcement system of the US is â€Å"Policing by Numbers: Big Data and the Fourth Amendment† by Elizabeth E. Joh. The article, as the title suggests, focuses mainly on the use of data and figures in policing against domestic terrorism. For instance, police in Chicago employ a risk analysis of the criminals to ascertain their chances of getting involved in future crimes. In North Carolina, the police have prepared a map of high-risk regions that are more prone to be attacked by criminals. Similarly, in New York, the NYPD has tied up with Microsoft to launch a â€Å"Domain Awareness System that collects and links information from sources like CCTVs, license plate readers, radiation sensors, and

Fiat Changing Business Environment Marketing Essay

Fiat Changing Business Environment Marketing Essay ABSTRACT This report focus on the FIAT group and analysis of its external business environment. It outlines the companys background in terms of its history and product services, with major strategic milestones and key competitors. The operations in some of the tools used for the external analysis are the pestel and porters. As a result, strategic directions are proposed that will assist the FIAT group in sustaining and developing a successful performance in order to keep and improve its market positions globally. This report is also concluded of list of recommendation for the FIAT group. CONTENTS 1 ABSTRACT 2. INTRODUCTION 2.1 INTERNAL ENVIRONMNET 2.2 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 3. MICRO-ENVIRONMENT KEY COMPETITORS CUSTOMERS SUPPLIERS PUBLIC PRODUCT AND SERVICES 4. MACRO-ENVIRONMENT POLITICAL INFLUENCE ECONOMIC INFLUENCE SOCIAL INFLUENCE TECHNOLOGICAL INFLUENCE ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE LEGAL INFLUENCE 5. COMPANY BACKGROUND MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT OF FIAT GROUP HISTORY 6. SWOT ANALYSIS 7. RECOMENDATION 8. CONCLUSION 9. REFERNCES 2. INTRODUCTION: Business Strategy is seen as one of the most important areas within Fiat group. It can also be defined as per Johnson Scholes and Whittington (2008, p.3) as the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competences with the aim of fulfilling stakeholders expectations. As can be seen, strategy is a complex field and inevitably connected to Fiat companies success or failure. Thus it is vital for the organisation to constantly evaluate and adapt its strategy in order to be successful (Grant 2005 p.7) External and Internal Strategic Analysis of Fiat Group: This part focuses on fiats performance by analysing both the external and internal environment of the company. External environmental forces refer to the macro-environment, the industry or sector, and the competitors that affect an organisation (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008). Equally important as the external environmental scanning is the analysis of a companys internal environment to identify its strength and weaknesses (Hunger and Wheelen, 2009).This is also referred to as strategic capability which is defined as the resources and competence of an organisation needed for it to survive and prosper (Johnson. Scholes and Whittington 2008, p.95) for this analysis, the focus is on the car industry in the UK market in general, and the small car sector in particular Business environment encompasses all those factors that affect a companys operations, and includes customers, competitors, stakeholders, suppliers, industry trends, regulations, other government activities, social and economic factors and technological developments. (Business dictionary, 2010). Basically business environment is segregated in between two categories Internal environment External environment 2.1 Internal Environment: There are various components which particularly change the behaviour of employees. Events, Conditions and  factors  within an organization are few of them.  Their  activities  and  choices are under influence. Factors that are frequently considered part of the internal environment include the  organizations  mission statement,  leadership  styles, and its  organizational culture. Internal factor which occur inside the company are management, manpower, row material, machine, money. 2.2 External Environment: EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT is factor essentially outside the control of organizational members. Conditions, trends, and forces are few enlisted factors. External environmental scans are conducted in operations to identify and analyse important factors in the external environment. This analysis is often a critical aspect in all business or strategic plans. External environment are classified into two major parts: 1. Micro-environment 2. Macro-environment MICRO-ENVIRONMENT: KEY COMPETITIONERS: Fiats key competitors are the French companies Renault and PSA Peugeot Citroen, and the German Volkswagen AG (Hoovers, 2010). Volkswagen (VW) is Europes number one carmaker with an annual production of more than six million car, trucks, and vans. The company operates in 153 countries and aim at position itself as the global economic and environmental leader among automobile manufacturers (Volkswagen Group, 2010) PSA Peugeot Citroen is present in 160 countries, and is currently focusing on its development in high-potential markets such as China, Latin America and Russia. On 2009 the company produced more than 3 million vehicles (Peugeot Citroen, 2010). Renault is present in 118 countries in sold more than 2 million vehicles in 2009 (Renault, 2010). Main competitors in UK are Ford and Toyota. CUSTOMERS: Customers play an important role in business environment. They are the key monitors on whose basis an organisation acts upon. They are the relation in between different business enterprises who purchase the services and products to their satisfaction (Collin English dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000) SUPPLIERS:   Affiliations with the companies that supply your business with goods and services,(Grant, Scholes 2007). As a growing company, Fiat group focus on one of their factor of suppliers: price. And price is considered important when you are selecting suppliers to assist you as you grow your business. A cleric service which act as a substitute providing goods and raw materials available to achieve the need of demand proposed by the company. PUBLIC: Public are the targeted market components or individual who persuades interest in the business or the products and services. They capitalise shares in market. They may be directly or indirectly active to open market (Collins Thesaurus of the English Language   Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002). PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: The Fiat Group is subdivided in different business units (automobiles representing the biggest business unit according to worldwide revenues (Fiat Group, 2010). The Automobile business unit produces and sells cars globally under the Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Lancia, Fiat professional (light commercial vehicles) and Abarth brands. Additionally, Mascerati and Ferrari are also part of the Fiat Group (Fiat Group, 2010). MACRO-ENVIRONMENT: PESTEL Analysis The macro-environment can be determined by using the PESTEL analysis. The PESTEL framework is an analysis tool that outlines factors affecting the companys strategy, and allows the identification of key drivers of change (Johnson, Schnson, and Whittington, 2008). Political influences: Government regulation: the UK and the EU have the strictest regulation concerning emissions. Issues with emissions are highly volatile; as if the manufacturer does not abide by the standards it will translate into higher running cost for the customers and likely to discourage them from buying. Economic Influences: Recession resulted in increased unemployment and lower purchasing power of customers. Increased interest rates in bank loans for consumers. Rising prices of raw material, especially for steel (Star, 2010). Rising fuel prices. Social influences: Change in consumers buying pattern due to the recession: customers of more aware of the struggling car market and strive for better deals (e.g. Fiat 500 is priced with a high premium above the industry average for such a car). Small car image and partly bad reputation of brand name. Technological Influences: Innovative technology deriving from the Japanese and German car market. Rapid, high-quality inventions and developments from competitors, especially from key players like BMW , Volkswagen , Mercedes, etc Eclectic-car (e.g. from Renault- Nissan) are not produced by Fiat yet. Environmental Influences: Environmental awareness of customers coupled with tough government regulations construct a tough market for Fiat, as all main competitors aim at producing eco-friendly cars with low of CO2. The peak oil scenario will affect the whole automotive industry, as oil is a finite resource. Legal Influences: EU competition laws. Although Fiat is known as a producer of eco-friendly cars ( Automobiles Review 2010) tougher car emission laws could lead to increased production costs of cars. 5. COMPANY BACKGROUND: FIAT is a word wide operating Italian automobile manufacturer, engine manufacturer, financial and industrial group based in Turin in the Piedmont region. All though the FIAT group is present in many countries around the globe, its market position is especially strong in Europe and Latin America. EUROPE: Leading automaker in EU. Faced sales decrease in 2008 due to economic environment. Current market shares in UK is 4.02% USA: Moderate market shares in US (until) recent alliance with Chrysler last year and Canada market. These two markets are currently considered as the biggest auto market in the whole world. ASIA: No significant market establishment of Fiat in this market. Some key players in this market are Suzuki and Tata motors. The Asian market is also an emerging market and is untapped market for Fiat. LATIN AMERICA: Exceptional high sales in Latin America specially Brazil. Fiat market share in Brazil is 25.5% as of may 2010. (Auto trends, 2010; fiat 2010; European motors news, 2010) 5.1 MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT OF FIAT GROUP: FIATs mission statement says: FIAT| is an automotive-focused industrial group and design and manufactures automobiles, trucks, wheel loaders, excavators, telehandlers, tractors and combine harvesters. In terms of its vision, the FIAT group, states Innovation has an important place among the FIAT groups core values and beliefs. Because the only way to meet the challenges of the future is to be innovative; innovative in everywhere and in every way. FIATs aim is to strike the balance in experience, creative and technology (FIAT group 2010). 5.2. HISTORY The FIAT group (Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino), establishment in the year 1899 was one of the founders of the European Automobile Industry. It was developed under leadership of Giovanni Agnelli and made a successful presence in the Italian market as well as the international market. The FIAT group is now managed by Serigo Marchionne, who is the CEO presently. The Agnelli Family still controls FIAT by owning 30% of the shares for the FIAT group. Right from the start, the company had a strong propensity for the international expansion and innovation. The company expanded outside Italy in 1908 when FIAT Automobile Co. was founded in the United States. In the meantime, Fiat also expanded to new sectors. In 1958 production started growing enormously and Fiat set up new manufacturing plants aboard. In the 1990s the company escalated its expansion into international markets to cope with crisis, and achieved over 60% of its turnover outside Italy. Because of aggression competition, Fiat concentrated on developing markets and was prompted as an innovation brand at affordable prices. Today Fiats products are sold in more than 190 countries around the world (Fiat, 2010). Although the Fait Group engaged in many sectors, it redefined its core business area in 2003 by again focusing on the traditional automotive sector. As a consequence, certain business no longer considered strategic such as the Aviation and Insurance Sectors were sol d (CSR Globe, 2010). The company returned to their first mission: to produce attractive, stylish cars with improved quality and exciting engines, accessible, focusing on a continuous overhaul of its products, on technological research and constructive relationship with the customer (Fiat, 2010). In terms of its revenues and trading profit, the Fiat group is currently facing some severe decline as shown in figure 3. Revenues declined from almost 60 million down to 50 million Euros in 2009, and trading profit even declined to less than one third compared to 2008 (Fiat Group, 2010). SWOT ANALYSIS: A SWOT analysis explores the relationship between the between the environmental influences and the strategic capabilities of an organisation when compared with its competitors. (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008, p.118). With the help of the SWOT Analysis tool, it is possible to identify the strategic fit between the organisations internal and external capabilities and accordingly determining alternative strategies. By doing a SWOT analysis for the FIAT group, the companys strengths, opportunities, weakness and threats can be outlined. SWOT Analysis for Fiat Strength: With a brand name established over a decade, Fiat is known for its strong hold in the small cars segments and excellence engine technology. It also enjoys a huge brand portfolio including Ferrari, Mascerati, Alfa Romeo and Lancia (Fiat UK, 2010). According to the SMMT data survey, the UK market has shifted towards the small cars recently (SMMT UK, 2010). Fiat has the potential of producing innovative products, which has been the companys driving force since the very beginning. Fiat is the only automaker offering highly fuel-efficient cars and has the lowest CO2 emissions in Europe at 127.8g/km (Automobile Review, 2010) compared to the key players. Thus, Fiat is an organisation highly committed to environment sustainability and making a difference. Fiat stands 8th in the ethical ranking in the automotive industry, which pushes the brand image and reputation (CSR International 2010). WEAKNESS: Fiats main focus on small cars segment only has been the reason for its low market share in UK/Europe. As an approach to increase their sales, Toyota is focusing on building consumer confidence. Whereas Fiat focuses on new innovations and introduction of technology, but to an extent it fails to consider what their customers expect. Opportunities: The Asian economy still has a lot of untapped potential, which FIAT can look into. Recent alliance with Chrysler who has appointed 130 dealers in US to represent FIAT is a good opportunity for the Fiat brand to market itself (Just Auto, 2010). Due to Fiats innovative technologies, there is an opportunity for it to tap other markets as well as develop new market segments. Threats: Toyota and Ford remain two of the strong competitors for Fiat. With Toyota launching at least 18 new models in the European market 2009, it poses a major threat to Fiats market share. Toyota currently has a market share of approximately 5.01% in the Uk( Mad UK, 2010). The recession has reduced the purchasing power of the customers in the last couple of years, which has resulted in a drop in demand for new cars. Recommendation: After conducting the different environmental analysis for fiat group, it is now possible to recommend strategic options available to the company. In general, it is recommended for the Fiat group to follow which adapt differentiation and low price relative to competitors. This combination will help the company the gaining a strong competitive advantage. Fiat could move towards a low cost focus strategy in the emerging Asian markets. At the same time it can further tap the US market. This will also increase Fiats market share globally. By applying the hybrid strategy, the Fiat group is also able to capture the untapped Asian market with its cost and fuel efficient cars like Punto, 500C, Grande Punto, Linea etc. By focusing on improving its market share, Fiat will be able to gain economies of sale by cost savings. This is turn will provide resources to finance its RD sector, which will give way for new highly efficient products for the markets, thus generating higher margins which will again increase Fiats market share. Fiat could also move towards offering low cost cars to its customers by expanding in the emerging Asian markets. It may also be recommended to tap the US market (untapped). It should expand its activities in RD (Research and Development). The above strategies will help the Fiat group increase its market share not only in the UK but globally. It will also increase its economics of scale. Recommendation can also be given for the strategic development of particular products in the UK market. The GE-McKinsey Matrix for the Fiat Automobile Group in the UK, and its application to the strategy guidelines based on the directional policy matrix, also allow for the recommendation of future strategies. As a result of this analysis, the following strategies can be recommended: For the Fiat 500, product investment and growth are required because the market is growing and if the business unit continues to invest in the market, it should see itself sustaining its growth. For the Fit Bravo, selective growth would be useful, as this would allow Fiat to be more focused on the needs of the market. For the Fiat multipla, the harvest /divest path can be recommended, as this would allow Fiat to keep their existing market share and diversify in due course. CONCLUSION: This report focused on the Fiat Group and its current performance. An external and internal environmental analysis was conducted critically, which allowed for the recommendation to Fiat. Based on the various strategic analyses done in this report, it can be suggested that the Fiat Group needs to adopt new strategies for the future. If the above mentioned recommendation combined and implemented successfully, they will not only help to sustain and improve the companys business performance, but also improve its market position compared to key competitors in the automotive industry. With the rapid changes in technology and innovations, it is important for the Fiat group to be customer focused.

Understanding Indigenism: Building A Different Future for Us All :: Essays Papers

Understanding Indigenism: Building A Different Future for Us All â€Å"Defining one’s ‘culture’ is a life long process,† according to Indian rights activist Norman DesCampe of the Grand Portage Chippewa Tribe. â€Å"You have to live it.† Today, the life long process of understanding indigenous cultures is limited by terms of â€Å"cultural survival.† The ability of future generations to define themselves as Inuit or Kayapo is threatened as their natural environments and social integrity is hurt by government negligence: indigenous cultures must be protected under a political structure that allows the people to live as they choose to live, outside of the transformative power of established nation-states, and the assumptions of these powers. Thus, international organizations must actively ensure the rights of impoverished indigenous â€Å"states within states†: The right to â€Å"exchange equitably† (Rose 234) as autonomous states with nation states is the basis for the new politically explosive global phenomenon (Neisen 1) of indigenous sovereignty and cultural autonomy. However, in Western government, â€Å"native peoples are in the way because they are thought to undermine the state- whichever state they find themselves in- because of their struggle to maintain their own ways of life† (Wolfe, â€Å"Tribes†). Because they present economic challenges to land use and resource exploitation, indigenous peoples share sufferings under political oppression, deracination and racism and are, as in the case of Australian Aborigines, the â€Å"poorest of the poor.† Destroyed by a â€Å"rhetoric of hate,† genocide and mass murder are the tools of nation states to control the unwanted obstacles in economic development (Niezen 55). Colonialism transformed the indigenous life of the Yanomami, the Maasai, the Hawai’ians, the Aborigines and hundreds of other indigenous peoples. Industrialization moved humanity beyond the â€Å"world in which people mattered to a world in which they are expendable† (Wolfe). Today, still entrenched in the imperialistic ideology of colonialism by modern forms of globalization, nation states noisily quarrel over the rights to exploit both land and people for economic power without regard to indigenous existence. Non-Hawaiian haoles crudely render false historical interpretations of their â€Å"settler society† as a blessed yoke of â€Å"civilization† to the pitiful â€Å"feudal† Hawaiians (Trask). Some indigenous people attempt to assimilate, as â€Å"for years [one Aboriginal man] had ‘sweetened’ himself up just like tea, trying to make himself and others understood [to invading Western cultures]’† but â€Å"‘nothin g been come back. Just nothing’† (Rose 195). Without political muscle, indigenous people are forced to promote ecologically harmful projects, such as hydroelectric dam proposals, to survive within the paradigm of the Western world.

Bba 8th Sem Report Purbanchal University

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background An internship is the period of supervision training required for qualifying for a profession. It follows a specified number of academic creditor and classroom years. An internship program is an educational plan which combines classroom theoretical knowledge and practical work experience in industrial, business, or government work situations. These help students to have opportunity to signify academic theories and principles to action, to test out career interests and to develop skills and abilities through carefully planned and supervised programs related to the career of their choice.Internship is a practical section of the BBA course required to be done by each and every BBA students. Internship is an applied form of knowledge which we have learnt in BBA till 8th Semester. Internship is just like a training section in which we get familiar with the corporate culture and gain practicability in our lifestyle. Hence, it is the way through which we can achieve our career objective. With its ultimate objective of educating students for professional pursuits in business, industry and government the Faculty of Management (FoM), TU has been continuously putting efforts towards providing quality education to the people.Furthermore, FoM has been contributing to increase the knowledge and understanding of business and public administration by offering various programs that best concede in achieving the objectives. Bachelor in Business Administration (BBA) is one of the programs offered by FoM with a view to fulfill the gap of Middle Level Managers in the job market with competent, practically able, socially responsive, creative and result-oriented management professionals.In its process of developing such professionals, BBA requires the students to gain an eight weeks experience as an intern that is expected to blend the theoretical knowledge gained in the classroom with the real work environment. This report is the result of the requirement which includes the study based on the knowledge and experience acquired at PRIME BANK as an intern. The report tries to focus on the accounting procedure at the bank along with other relevant information. 1. 2 Objectives of the ReportAn internship program is organized with a main objective to provide student an opportunity to be familiarize with organization activities and environment. Further it also provides us with an opportunity for developing managerial skills by working in the organization. It is to evaluate and compare the theoretical aspect with the practical life, with also to identify the problem and their underlying causes with complying developing capabilities to evaluate potential solutions that optimize organizations Strength, Weakness, Potential Opportunities and competitive Threats.It also helps to develop strategic skills in student which helps to reduce the risk and weakness, and to hub opportunities and strength. 1. 3 Methodology: 1. 3. 1 Organization Selection Being the student of finance it was necessary for me to analyze the activities of financial sector, specially banking sector. For organization selection my college helped me to assessed the banking organizations. With the help of college I finally get a chance to do internship in Laxmi Bank Limited.Accordingly, I dropped Personal Application and College Recommendation Letter with CV (Curriculum Vitae) in the PCBLafter; I followed up regularly with human resource manager till I was appointed for the internship. Finally, I was appointed on June at PCBL on CSD. 1. 3. 2. Placement During the internship period of eight weeks I was placed Customer Service Department (CSD),. The internship was really informative and beneficial. I would really like to thank the Human Resource (HR) department for my placement in the departments. 1. 3. 3.Duration of Internship The bank granted me the internship period of eight weeks starting from Jestha 20, 2068 B. S to Shrawan 13, 2067. In this pe riod I got an opportunity to be a part of various departments and work there. 1. 3. 4 Activities carried out During 8 weeks of internship, I was allocated at New baneshwor branch of PCBL. The more important function used in computer for performing daily banking transactions and setting up accounts is Pumori Plus software and the software helps to perform all the activities of various department as required.PCBL, one of the major financial intermediaries whose primary function is to transfer of monetary resources from the savers to the users. This section includes the study based on the internship period and the various tasks performed during the stay in bank. During these 8 weeks, I was placed in Customer Service Department, Remittance and Cheque Clearing Department. The activities I performed in the organization, during my internship on the basis of the departments are as follows:- Customer service department in there the various activities perform were:-It is very crucial departme nt where numbers of customers make face-to-face interaction with the staff of PCBL. Customer service is the provision of service to customers before, during and after purchase. Customer service department is one of the busiest as well as the major department of bank where the interaction of the customer is the most. * Opening new account for the customers visiting the bank. * Account Reactivation. * Closing of account * Informing about the banks product to the customer. * Suggesting type of product and services suited to customer. * Printing balance statement for the customers. Providing Balance Certificate to customer. * Preparing and issue cheque books for the customers and maintain record. * Informing the customers about the different department in the bank and respective function * Signature change Request. * Block, Refresh and Reissue new ATM-debit card after verification. * Reissue of pin. * Renew of fixed deposit. * Filling of KYC form. * Stop Payment for wrongly issued chequ e, as per request of Account holder. * Locker register, in and out time. * Making Daily Report and weekly report, regarding A/C open and A/c close. Recording Petty cash expenses and summit quarterly report. * Receiving and make call and Transfer the call. * File transfer and Management i. Cheque book request slips ii. Balance certificate photocopy and its issuance request application. iii. Account statement request applications. iv. Account Opening forms after completion. v. Visa debit card application forms, sms banking, E-banking and vi. Other incoming letters. * Keeping record of transaction (while distributing cheque book, Debit Card, A/C opening, statement printing, locker, Balance certificate etc). Updating information whenever necessaryOthers * Photocopying * Faxing * Make a call * Scanning 1. 4 Limitations of the Study * Time and resources constraints are other limitations of the study. * Since the internship period was limited to only 8 weeks, it was not possible to have in depth and detail study of all the activities of all departments. * The banking sector is the most competitive sector. So intern was made familiar with only the routine work of bank and was not made familiar to the core information of the bank. * The bank’s staffs were highly occupied by their work so they had very little time to interact with the intern. As internship period falls under the month of Assad during the closing time of banking sector so the bank’s staffs were highly occupied by their workloads so they had very little time to interact and monitor the interns. * The financial data of current fiscal year 2067/68 couldn’t be collected as the auditing process was not completed. * This report is mainly based on my personal individual experience and knowledge gained during internship period and theoretical knowledge gained from course study so lacking of technical terminology and its right use may seems to be missing.In spite of all those limitation, I ha ve tried my level best to gain adequate knowledge of banking and corporate culture and sincerely perform the task given by the supervisor and the staffs. The whole experience was an exciting challenge as well as excellent learning opportunity . CHAPTER -TWO INTRODUCTION OF THE INDUSTRY 2. 1 Meaning of bank An establishment authorized by the government to accept deposit , pay interest ,clear checks, make loans , act as an intermediary in financial transaction and provide other financial services to its customers.Bank is a financial institution, which deals with the money, receiving money as deposit from customer; honouring customer’s drawing against such deposits on demand, collection of cheques for customers and lending or investing surplus deposits until they are required for repayment. In present days, various types of Banks are established with various different product and purposes and targets such as Industrial Bank, commercial Bank, Agriculture Bank, Joint stock Bank, C o-operatives Bank and Development Bank etc. Modern Banks are more advanced than the ancient one.This is due to increased population and development resulting changes in industrial field and trade, increase in competition, changes in people’s ideology and due to increased inter relation and dependence with each other. It is generally said that the word â€Å"BANK† has been originated in Italy. In the middle of 12th century there was a great financial crisis in Italy due to war. To meet the war expenses, the government of that period a forced subscribed  loan  on citizens of the country at the interest of 5% per annum.Such loans were known as ‘Compare', ‘minto' etc. The most common name was â€Å"Monte'. In Germany the word ‘Monte was named as ‘Bank' or ‘Banke'. According to some writers, the word ‘Bank' has been derived from the word bank. It is also said that the word ‘bank' has been derived from the word ‘Banco' whi ch means a banch. The Jews money lenders in Italy used to transact their business sitting on banches at different market places. When any of them used to fail to meet his obligations, his ‘Banco' or banch or banch would be broken by the angry creditors.The word ‘Bankrupt' seems to be originated from broken Banco. Since, the banking system has been originated from money leading business; it is rightly argued that the word ‘Bank' has been originated from the word â€Å"Banco'. Today the word bank is used as a comprehensive term for a number of institutions carrying on certain kinds of financial business. In practice, the word ‘Bank' means which borrows money from one class of people and again lends money to another class of people for interest or profit 2. 2 Evolution of Banking IndustryThe first  banks   were the  merchants of ancient world that made  loans   to farmers and traders that carried goods between cities. The first records of such activit y dates back to around 2000 BC in  Assyria and  Babylonia Later in  ancient Greece and during the  Roman Empire lenders based in temples would make loans but also added two important innovations; accepted deposits and changing money. During this period there is similar evidence of the independent development of lending of money in  ancient China  and separately in  ancient India.Banking in the modern sense of the word can be traced to medieval and early  Renaissance  Italy, to the rich cities in the north like  Florence,  Venice and  Genoa. The  Bardi  and  Peruzzi families dominated banking in 14th century Florence, establishing branches in many other parts of  Europe. Perhaps the most famous Italian bank was the  Medici  bank, set up by Giovanni Medici in 1397. The development of banking spread through Europe and a number of important innovations took place in Amsterdam during the  Dutch Republic in the 16th century and in London in the 17th c entury.During the 20th century developments in telecommunications and computing resulting in major changes to way banks operated and allowing they dramatically increase in size and geographic spread. The  Late-2000s financial crisis  saw significant number of bank failures, including some of the world's largest banks and much debate about  bank regulation. As a public enterprise, banking made its first beginning around the middle of the twelfth century in Italy and the Bank of Venice, founded in 1157 was the first the public banking institution.Following it were established the Bank of Barcelona and the Bank of Genoa in 1401 and 1407 respectively. The bank of Venice and the Bank of Genoa continued to operate until the end of eighteen century. With the expansion of commercial activities in Northern Europe there sprang up a number of private banking houses in Europe and slowly it spread throughout the world. In Nepal, modern banking starts with the establishment of Nepal Bank Li mited. 2. 3 Development of Banking Industry in Nepal The history of modern financial system of Nepal was begun in 1937 with the establishment of the Nepal Bank Ltd. NBL) as the first commercial bank of Nepal with the joint ownership of government and general public. As mentioned above, Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) was established after 19 years since the establishment of the first commercial bank ( i. e. ,NBL). After the establishment of NRB, Nepal witnessed a systematic development of the financial system. After the restoration of democracy in 1991, Nepal has clearly been following a liberalized economic policy and witnessing diversification in financial system. As a result, various banking and non-banking financial institutions have come into existence.As of mid-July 2002, there are 16 Commercial Banks, 16 Development Banks, 5 Regional Rural Development Banks, 54 Finance Companies, 34 Saving and Credit Cooperatives and 25 Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) operating in the country. Nepal's first commercial bank, the Nepal Bank Limited, was established in 1937. The government owned 51 percent of the shares in the bank and controlled its operations to a large extent. Nepal Bank Limited was headquartered in Kathmandu and had branches in other parts of the country. There were other government banking institutions.Rastriya Banijya Bank (National Commercial Bank), a state-owned commercial bank, was established in 1966. The Land Reform Savings Corporation was established in 1966 to deal with finances related to land reforms. There were two other specialized financial institutions. Nepal Industrial Development Corporation, a state-owned development finance organization headquartered in Kathmandu, was established in 1959 with United States assistance to offer financial and technical assistance to private industry. Although the government invested in the corporation, representatives from the private business sector also sat on the board of directors.The Co-operative Ban k, which became the Agricultural Development Bank in 1967, was the main source of financing for small agribusinesses and cooperatives. Almost 75 percent of the bank was state-owned; 21 percent was owned by the Nepal Rastra Bank, and 5 percent by cooperatives and private individuals. The Agricultural Development Bank also served as the government's implementing agency for small farmers' group development projects assisted by the Asian Development Bank and financed by the United Nations Development Programme.The Ministry of Finance reported in 1990 that the Agricultural Development Bank, which is vested with the leading role in agricultural loan investment, had granted loans to only 9 percent of the total number of farming families since 1965. Since the 1960s, both commercial and specialized banks have expanded. More businesses and households had better access to the credit market although the credit market had not expanded. In the mid-1980s, three foreign commercial banks opened bran ches in Nepal.The Nepal Arab Bank was co-owned by the Emirates Bank International Limited (Dubai), the Nepalese government, and the Nepalese public. The Nepal Indosuez Bank was jointly owned by the French Banque Indosuez, Rastriya Banijya Bank, Rastriya Beema Sansthan (National Insurance Corporation), and the Nepalese public. Nepal Grindlays Bank was co-owned by a British firm called Grindlays Bank, local financial interests, and the Nepalese public. Nepal Rastra Bank was created in 1956 as the central bank. Its function was to supervise commercial banks and to guide the basic monetary policy of the nation.Its major aims were to regulate the issue of paper money; secure countrywide circulation of Nepalese currency and achieve stability in its exchange rates; mobilize capital for economic development and for trade and industry growth; develop the banking system in the country, thereby ensuring the existence of banking facilities; and maintain the economic interests of the general pub lic. Nepal Rastra Bank also was to oversee foreign exchange rates and foreign exchange reserves. Prior to the establishment of Nepal Rastra Bank, Kathmandu had little control over its foreign currency holdings.Indian rupees were the prevalent medium of exchange in most parts of the country. Nepalese currency was used mostly in the Kathmandu Valley and the surrounding hill areas. The existence of a dual currency system made it hard for the government to know the status of Indian currency holdings in Nepal. The exchange rates between Indian and Nepalese rupees were determined in the marketplace. Between 1932 and 1955, the value of 100 Indian rupees varied between Rs71 and Rs177. The government entered the currency market with a form of fixed exchange rate between the two currencies in 1958.An act passed in 1960 sought to regulate foreign exchange transactions. Beginning in the 1960s, the government made special efforts to use Nepalese currency inside the country as a medium of exchang e. It was only after the signing of the 1960 Trade and Transit Treaty with India that Nepal had full access to foreign currencies other than the Indian rupee. Prior to the treaty, all foreign exchange earnings went to the Central Bank of India, and all foreign currency needs were provided by the Indian government.After 1960 Nepal had full access to all foreign currency transactions and directly controlled its exports and imports with countries other than India. As a result of the treaty, the government had to separate Indian currency (convertible currency because of free convertibility) from other currencies (nonconvertible currency because it was directly controlled by Nepal Rastra Bank). In 1991 government statistics still separated trade with India from trade with other countries. Tables showing international reserves listed convertible and nonconvertible foreign exchange reserves separately. 2. Commercial bank at a glance Commercial banks are financial intermediaries that raise funds through demand and time deposits as well as from other sources, such as federal funds purchases and security repurchase agreements, funds from parent companies, and borrowing from other lending institutions (for example, the Federal Home Loan Banks). They use the funds to make loans, primarily to businesses and individuals, and to invest in securities. In context of Nepal the first commercial bank â€Å"Nepal Bank limited† was established in 1937 A. D. and second â€Å"Rastriya Banijya Bank† was established in 1966 A. D.Nepal has opened its door to foreign commercial banks in the kingdom almost a decade back. As the country followed economic liberalization, there was massive entrance of foreign banks in Nepal. Consequently Nepal Arab Bank was established in 1985 A. D. similarly the Nepal Indosuez Bank was established as joint venture between Nepal and France in 1986 A. D. , the legitimate entry of foreign commercial banks with full-fledged banking function led to rapid growth of banking system. After 1990 economic liberalization policy obtained by the government, now there are 33 commercial banks operating banking activities in Nepal.Latest commercial bank is Century Bank limited. The commercial banks expanded only since the 19th century. The industrial revolution of the 18th century opened the vast scope for the development of commercial banking in the last century. In the 20th century, banking institution became highly specialized and sophisticated especially in advanced countries like USA, UK and other countries. Commercial banks deal with activities of trade, commerce, industry and agriculture that seek regular financial and other help from banks for growing Table no. 1 List of Commercial Banks in Nepal S. No. Names| Operation Date (A. D. )| Head Office| Paid up Capital (Rs. In Millions)| 1| Nepal Bank Ltd. | 1937/11/15| Kathmandu| 3804| 2| Rastriya Banijya Bank Ltd. | 1966/01/23| Kathmandu| 3853| 3| Agriculture Development Bank Ltd. | 1968/01/02| Kathmandu| 94375| 4| Nabil Bank Ltd. | 1984/07/16| Kathmandu| 20298| 5| Nepal Investment Bank Ltd. | 1986/02/27| Kathmandu| 24091| 6| Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Ltd. | 1987/01/30| Kathmandu| 16102| 7| Himalayan Bank Ltd. | 1993/01/18| Kathmandu| 20000| 8| Nepal SBI Bank Ltd. | 1993/07/07| Kathmandu| 18639| 9| Nepal Bangladesh Bank Ltd. 1994/06/05| Kathmandu| 20103| 10| Everest Bank Ltd. | 1994/10/18| Kathmandu| 11196| 11| Bank of Kathmandu Ltd. | 1995/03/12| Kathmandu| 13595| 12| Nepal Credit and Commerce Bank Ltd. | 1996/10/14| Siddharthanagar, Rupandehi| 13997| 13| Lumbini Bank Ltd. | 1998/07/17| Narayangadh,Chitawan| 13000| 14| Nepal Industrial ; Commercial Bank Ltd. | 1998/07/21| Biaratnagar,Morang| 13116| 15| Machhapuchhre Bank Ltd. | 2000/10/03| Pokhara, Kaski| 16272| 16| Kumari Bank Ltd. | 2001/04/03| Kathmandu| 14850| 17| Laxmi Bank Ltd. | 2002/04/03| Birgunj, Parsa| 16140| 18| Siddhartha Bank Ltd. 2002/12/24| Kathmandu| 15610| 19| Global Bank Ltd. | 2007/01/0 2| Birgunj, Parsa| 15000| 20| Citizens Bank International Ltd. | 2007/06/21| Kathmandu| 19223| 21| Prime Commercial Bank Ltd| 2007/09/24| Kathmandu| 22457| 22| Sunrise Bank Ltd. | 2007/10/12| Kathmandu| 18554| 23| Bank of Asia Nepal Ltd. | 2007/10/12| Kathmandu| 15175| 24| DCBL   Bank Ltd. | 2008/05/25| Kamaladi, Kathmandu| 19209| 25| NMB Bank Ltd. | 2008/06/05| Babarmahal, Kathmandu| 16517| 26| Kist   Bank Ltd. | 2009/05/07| Anamnagar, Kathmandu| 20000| 27| Janata Bank Nepal Ltd. | 2010/04/05| New Baneshwor, Kathmandu| 14000| 28| Mega Bank Nepal Ltd. 2010/07/23| Kantipath, Kathmandu| 16310| 29| Commerz ; Trust Bank Nepal Ltd. | 2010/09/20| Kamaladi, Kathmandu| 14000| 30| Civil Bank ltd. | 2010/10/24| Kathmandu| 12000| 31| Century commercial Bank Ltd. | 2011/01/23| Kathmandu| 10800| Source: www. nrb. org. np 2. 5 Present Scenario of Banking Sector in Nepal There is tremendous growth in the number of financial institution in Nepal in the last two decades. At the beginning of 1980 s when financial sector was not liberalized, there were only few commercial banks and development banks performing baking activities in Nepal.There were few micro-credit development banks, finance companies, co-operatives and NGOs with limited banking transactions. After the liberalization of the financial sector, there has been a hallmark progress both in terms of the number of financial institutions and beneficiaries of financial services. Nowadays, there are 29 commercial banks operating in Nepal. On the other hand, a lot of financial cooperatives are also operating. With the increasing number of commercial banks, competition among themselves has also become more complex. In today’s dynamic environment, the commercial banks are trying to introduce nd establish themselves differently from other banks by providing special services and attractive schemes to its customers. Besides commercial banks, development banks are also improving their performance in Nepalese banking indu stry and they also play an important role in the growth of country’s economic position. CHAPTER -THREE INTRODUCTION TO PCBL 3. 1 Background Prime Commercial Bank Ltd. was incorporated in September 2007 as the 21st commercial bank in Nepal. We are a Category ‘A’ Financial Institution registered under the â€Å"Banks and Financial Institutions Act† of Nepal.It has been established by prominent business personnel and professionals from diversified areas with a prime objective of providing ‘Banking Services to Everyone' in the country where still large number of population are deprived of Banking Services. The Bank has in total 389 promoters holding 70% shares of the Bank. Prime Commercial Business Ltd has been established by prominent business personal and professional from diversified areas with a prime objective of providing â€Å"Banking service to everyone† in the country where still large number of population are deprived of Banking services .Grand opening was done by honorable finance Minister Dr. Ram Sharan Mahat on 28th September 2007. Its Head Office (HO) is situated at New Road, Bira Complex, and Kathmandu. The bank has established itself as an emerging player in financial sector with focus in customer service excellence maintaining excellent relationship with valued customers. It is counted among the top 10 commercial banks in Nepal by independent raters and publications in the country. The Bank’s shares are listed and actively traded in the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE).With the concept of â€Å"Banking service to everyone†, PCBL has entered into banking business as the 21st Commercial Bank in the country. The bank has 24 branches and has introduced its first ATM facility at Bira complex, New Road (HO) to give 24 hours 365 days banking services to their valve customers. Top exporters and Importers of the country have established banking relationship with the bank with a substantial volume of foreign business which has substance the bank’s popularity in the international trade front.With the concept of â€Å"Banking service to everyone†, PCBL has entered into banking business as the 21st Commercial Bank in the country. The bank has 24 branches and has introduced its first ATM facility at Bira complex, New Road (HO) to give 24 hours 365 days banking services to their valve customers. Top exporters and Importers of the country have established banking relationship with the bank with a substantial volume of foreign business which has substance the bank’s popularity in the international trade front. 3. 2 MISSION/PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES/GOAL OF THE COMPANYOver the past 4 years, PCBL have been able to acquire a large customers base enabling to capture the market. This has been possible via continuous effort over the years to provide the facilities and best to the customers. The bank will endeavor to establish itself as technology savvy and customer friendly and try to maintain good relationship with its customers. PCBL gives the innovative approach that edge over any other banks when it comes to introducing modern banking products and services into the banking sector. The following are the objectives that PCBL has:- * To cater to all customer’s requirements. Promotion of national economy, society; individual enhancing the market share. * Mobilizing capital in important areas. * Ensure everyone with positive attitude towards customers needs and strong mutual relationship. * Providing international quality banking services to the corporate. * Providing complete financial solutions to customer and promising growth opportunities to employers. * To provide/ quality services and competitive prancing focus. * To collect spread throughout Nepal and channelize it into different productive development project. * Aims at rendering banking services to various sectors likes SMEs etc . 3 Capital Structure Prime Commercial Bank has been established by pr ominent business personnel and professionals from diversified areas with a prime objective of providing Banking Service to Everyone in the country where still large number of population are deprived of Banking Service. The bank will endeavor to establish itself as technology savvy and customer friendly and try to maintain good relationship with its customers. The bank has been established with following capital. Authorized capital | : NPR 300 crores| Issued capital | : NPR 150 crores| Paid up capital| : NPR 116. 37 crores| Paid up capital includes calls in advances of Rs 116. 37 crores. 3. 4 Product’s, Loan and Services of PCBL 3. 4. 1 Normal Saving Minimum Balance| NPR 500. 00| Interest Rate:| 6. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Product Features: * On Demand Statement * Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit * 3. 4. 2 Prime silver saving Minimum Balance| NPR 1000. 00| Interest Rat e:| 6. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Product Features: * On Demand Statement Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit 3. 4. 3 Prime corporate staff saving Minimum Balance| NPR 0. 00| Interest Rate:| 8. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Product Features: * On Demand Statement * Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit 3. 4. 4 Prime Shareholders Saving Minimum Balance| NPR 0. 00| Interest Rate:| 8. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Product Features: On Demand Statement * Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit 3. 4. 5Public Saving This product is available in each branch Minimum Balance| NPR 100. 00| Interest Rate:| 6. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Product Features: * On Demand Statem ent * Debit Card charge NPR 100. 00 * Free Cheque Book * SMS/Internet Banking charge NPR 50. 00 * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit 3. 4. 6 Siddhi Ganesh Saving Account This Product is only available on Sorakhutte Branch.Minimum Balance| NPR 500. 00| Interest Rate:| 6. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Product Features: * On Demand Statement * Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit 3. 4. 7 Current Deposit Minimum Balance| NPR 5,000. 00| Product Features: * On Demand Statement * Free Debit Card * Free Cheque Book * Free SMS/Internet Banking * Free ABBS Facility * Unlimited Withdrawal/ Deposit Note:-Current A/c cost NPR 1000. 00 for gold purpose. 3. 4. 8 Fixed Deposit 3 Months Interest Rate:| 8. 0% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| 4 Months Interest Rate:| 9. 50% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| 6 Months Interest Rate:| 10. 50% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Above 6 Month-below 1 year Interest Rate:| 11. 00% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| 1 year and above Interest Rate:| 11. 50% on Daily Balance| Interest Posting:| Quarterly| Note:- In fixed deposit interest rate will be negotiable by looking time period and Amount to be deposit. 3. 4. 9 Types of loan Deprived Sector(Institutional) * Deprived Sector(Retail) * Overdraft * Working Capital Loan * Demand Loan * Term Loan * Export Credit * Hire Purchases Loan – Commercial Vehicles * Hire Purchases Loan – Private Vehicles * Loan Against Fixed Deposits held with our bank * Loan Against Fixed Deposits held with our bank * Trust Receipt 90 days * Mortgage Loan * Loan Against Government Bonds * Loan Against Shares * Loan Against Gold ; Silver * Professional Loan * Equipment Loan * Education Loan * SME Loan * Home Loan 3. 4. 10. Wire Transfer * Transfer Money from your account to an account across the globe.The Wire Transfer (SWIFT messa ge) is a highly secure and efficient method of fund transfer. We have arrangements with major banks to send SWIFT messages which ensure secure and safe remittance to any place of your choice. 3. 4. 11. Foreign Currency Demand Draft * Get a demand draft in a foreign currency. * We provide you the facility to avail a Demand Draft in the following foreign currencies – Indian Rupee, US Dollar, and Pound Sterling. You can send the Demand Draft to the beneficiary, who receives payment from drawee bank on presenting the draft. 3. 4. 12. Traveler's Cheque Travelers' cheques are widely accepted instrument for convenience and safety instead of cash. We issue / encash traveler's cheque. 3. 4. 13. Western Union Money Transfer /IME /Money Gram * Customers can receive payments sent via Western Union Money Transfer/IME/Money Gram from our branches. 3. 4. 14. SCT Debit Card Card Services * SCT Debit Card (SCT Network) * 870 ATMs Network allover the Nepal. * 1500 Plus POS Terminals Network al lover the Nepal. * 4000 ATMs Network of Punjab National Bank allover the India. Transaction Limit Nepal (Withdrawal Limit) Maximum per transaction| NPR 16,000. 00| Minimum per transaction| NPR 500. 0| Maximum for a day| NPR 40,000. 00| India (Withdrawal Limit) Maximum per transaction| INR 10,000. 00| Minimum per transaction| INR 100. 00| Maximum for a day| INR 10,000. 00| Charges ATM Card Issuance Charge:| Free| New ATM Card Issuance forPublic Deposit Account Charge 😠 NPR 100. 00| Yearly Renew Charge:| NPR 200. 00| ATM Reissue Charge (For Lost, Expired & Damaged)| NPR 200. 00| Cash Withdrawal from Prime Bank ATM (Fee)| Free| Balance Enquiry from Prime Bank ATM (Fee)|   Free| POS Transactions (Fee)| Free| Cash Withdrawal from SCT Network other thanPrime Bank ATM (Fee)| NPR 25. 0| Balance Enquiry from SCT Network other than|   | Prime Bank ATM (Fee)| NPR 3. 00| 3. 4. 15. 365 Banking Branches| Holiday Counter| New road| 2:00 PM to 6:00 PM| Service Provides during Counter: * Deposit * Withdrawal * ABBS Facility * Cheque Collection * Foreign Currency Exchange * Travelers Cheque * Issuance of Indian/Foreign Currency Draft| 3. 4. 16. SMS Banking Track your account details anytime from anywhere Our SMS Banking lets you keep track of your account even while you are on the move. Register for the service by filling a registration form at our bank.After registration send SMS to 6262 with the keyword for your query. Receive a reply message on your mobile with your required information. SMS Services: Request Type| Query Message| Balance Enquiry| BE| Last 5 transactions in the account| ST| Note: – Type BE/ST in message box and send to 6262 3. 4. 17. E-Banking Services * Balance Enquiry * Account Statement * Interest Statement * Tax Statement 3. 4. 18. Safe Deposit Locker * Storing valuables at home becomes a security issue. * We offer safe, trustworthy space to store your valuables, documents and other things dear to you. 3. 4. 19.Locker Services * Deposit NPR 10,000. 00 to NPR 50,000. 00 * Annual fee from NPR 2000. 00 to NPR 10,000. 00 for various size 3. 4. 20. Letter of Credit * To establish Import Letters of Credit, sight as well as usance. * For you to be able to import required goods or purchase goods locally. 3. 4. 21. Bank Guarantees * We issue various bank guarantees to meet your different requirements for various purposes like bidding for tenders, issuing performance bonds, advance payment guarantees and custom guarantees. * We can also issue local guarantees against counter guarantees of acceptable foreign banks.Banking Hour Sunday – Friday 10:00AM – 3:00PM Evening Counter * 3:00PM – 7:00PM *Available only at specific branches 3. 5. ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES The main focus of the bank is quality service. In order to be the leading provider of the banking products and services, via new technology distribution modern channels serving a target group of corporate and general customers. Some of the strategie s of the PCBL are as following:- * To develop a customer oriented service culture with special emphasis on customer care and convenience. * To increase PCBL‘s market share by following a disciplined growth strategy. To develop innovative products and services that attract PCBL’s targeted customers and market segments. * To maintain a high quality asset portfolio to achieve strong and sustainable returns and to continuously build shareholder’s value. * To explore new avenues for growth and profitability. * To serving the client’s needs effectively and proactively. * To focus on a well-defined list of high priority clients. * To enhance strong customer relationships. These are the strategies of PCBL that has helped the bank to stand as one of the most successful commercial bank in Nepal as PCBL is committed to serving the customers.They are dedicated to improving customer care and to take a leadership role as to integrate banking sector. PCBL seek to attract the best people and to be a leader in fulfilling their missions. 3. 6 Core value and Ethical principles Integrity and Business Ethics: Commitment to integrity and business ethics is our fundamental principle to do the business. Teamwork: We believe that essence of success is team work and thus achievement of VMO is possible only when every member of team contributes to their ability. Most importantly we consider all our business partners (clients) as a part of the team with whom we share our ideas/skills, learn rom each other and take the business relations to the greater heights so as to be mutually beneficial which will ultimately lead to the successful relationship. Respect and Humility: We understand that respect and humility are the key factors to motivate and drive every individual towards the organizational goals. We honor the culture, language, ethnicity, social values and entrepreneurial spirit of every individual across the boundaries and draw strength from equal opportun ity and diversity thereby enabling the growth of all the stakeholders.Professionalism: Everything we do, we do with the highest standards of professionalism. Research and Development with focus on business partners (clients/customers) is the key to pursue innovation, deployment of imagination and quality functions/characteristics and translate new ideas into reality consistently whereby we can delight the customer/clients by delivering the products/services with outstanding quality so that our relationships with our clients will remain forever.Good Governance: We are committed to ensure the transparency and internal control systems through clear-cut policy guidelines/manuals, procedures, central bank's rules regulations for our own satisfaction and to satisfy the regulators thereby ensuring the Corporate Good Governance. Loyalty: We maintain the highest level of loyalty towards all stakeholders, particularly the business partners (customers/clients) and promise to walk alongside the business partners at difficult times/situations.We will strive to prove that â€Å"Bankers are all weather friends† as against the traditional concept of â€Å"Fair weather friends† by maintaining the Business loyalty at all times. 3. 7. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Table 2: List of Board of Director Board of Directors NAME OF THE DIRECTOR| DESIGNATION| EXPERIENCES| Mr. Narendra Bajracharya| Chairman| * Past President Hotel Association of Nepal. * Experience in the Banking sector for past 30 years. | Mr. Uttam Narayan Shrestha| Director| * 32 years of experience in Agricultural Development Bank. * General Manager in NIDC Capital Market for 2 years. General Manager Cottage and Handicraft Industry for 1 Year. | Mr. Rajendra Das Shrestha| Director| * 30 years of experience in industry and trading house. | Mr. Shyam Bahadur Shrestha| Director| * 4 years of experience in insurance companies * 20 years of experience in Pharmaceutical Industry| Mr. Uday Mohan Shrestha| Director| * 2 years of experience in Banking Sector * 25 years of experience in Hotel Industry| Mr. Umesh Shrestha| Director| * President for PABSON for 6 years * 30 years of experience in educational institutions. | CHAPTER FOURANALYSIS OF ACTIVITES DONE AND PROBLEM SOLVED 4. 1 CUSTOMER SERVICE DESK (CSD) Customer service  is the provision of  service  to  customers  before, during and after a purchase. It is a function of how well an organization is able to constantly and consistently exceed the needs of the customer and the department in any organization that deals with the queries and complains of the customer at first is known as customer service department. For any organization it is the very place which makes an early impression to the clients. It is the place where customers make the first contact with the clients.The image and the reputation of bank depend upon effective functioning of this department. It is the first place where the customers first get the service. It is very important to know that a highly satisfied customer stays loyal longer, buys more as the organization introduces new product, pays less attention to competing brands and is less sensitive to price. It would then not be inappropriate to say that this department is the key to success of any organization This department is involved in various activities from opening an account to its closing, providing account statement as per ustomer demand. The basic functions of this department are customer counseling, account operations and distribution activities etc Customer counseling is most important functions of customer service department. The efficiency of the customer service department or an organization is the outcome of the quality of the customer counseling that it provides. There are various kinds of products and services available in this organization. This department is also responsible for providing detail information regarding these different products and services. 4. 2.Major Activities Done on CSD (Business Desk) 4. 2. 1 Dealing with the customer It includes attending, solving queries and assisting customer to fill out the different types of account opening form such as saving, current and fixed deposit account correctly and also managed all the necessary documents related to his/ her identification form. Similarly client information was entered in record of ledger as well as in computer system. Various queries of clients are answered. All required information are provided very politely and sincerely. Work done by dealing with customer: helped them to fill cash deposit voucher * helped them to fill Account opening and closing form * helped them to use ATM * replied their queries regarding various product * gave direction to their required department 4. 2. 2 Account opening Customers who want to open new accounts are asked to fill in the form. They need to bring two passport size photographs. If they have a supplement or a nominee, then they have to brin g the nominee’s passport size photo and citizenship as well. There are basically two types of accounts: a) Saving Account:The different deposit schemes under the saving account can be listed above in chapter three. b) Current Account: Basically, this account is opened by sole-proprietorship, partnership firms, and corporations. The current account held in the name of firm is called â€Å"current corporate account†. The account holder has to maintain rupees five thousands as its minimum balance. Current account provides no interest on the sum deposited. However, firms can transfer the current account into â€Å"call account† in multiple of 10000; at the end of the day. Which provides interest on daily balance?Interest rates are negotiable on the basis of deposits. Current account can be opened for gold loan purpose also with minimum balance of NPR 1000. Account opening form is same for all type of product in PCBL but it should be maintain which type of account is going to opened in account opening form. Documentations: The bank should maintain proper documentation to know about the customer in person and to avoid account opening in the name of artificial person, companies, institutions etc. for all customers a proper application, identification document, photograph, specimen of signature are compulsory.Different documents are required for different companies and organizations. The different documents required for the individuals, companies and organizations are as follows: For an individual: * Citizenship certificate or passport or driving license. * Two passport size photographs. * Photo of nominee (if there is a nominee) * Citizenship certificate or passport or driving license (if there is a nominee) For a sole proprietorship firm: * Firm registration certificate * Income tax registration certificate (PAN/VAT) * Citizenship certificate of the proprietor. Authority letter (incase of third party operation) * Declaration of sole proprietorsh ip. For a partnership firm: * Partnership firm registration certificate. * Income tax registration certificate. * Partnership deed. * Resolution of partners. * Citizenship of partners. * Minute for account operation. For a private or public limited company: * Company registration certificate. * Income tax registration certificate. * Identification documents. * Memorandum of association * Articles of association * Board resolution * Minute for account operation. For a trust club or social organization: Registration certificate. * Trust deed. * Constitution and By laws * Board resolution Identification documents The company or individual is given an account number by filling in information provided on the form using the computer system. PBL uses the software Pumori for its banking ascertained. The form is sorted out and further worked on. The form is divided into four parts: account opening form, debit card application form, cheque request form and SMS banking form. The account openin g part is used to feed information in the system of the bank regarding the account, its type and details of its holder.Every application form is checked, scanned and approved by the operations incharge. After the approval of the operations incharge the forms are filed accordingly. Some customers may also want to close account. While closing account, it is necessary to get the signature on the account closing form by concerned bank personnel and the account holder. The account holder should return all the unused cheque leaves and should pay a certain charge as account closure fee as per bank’s system. 4. 2. 3 Closing of Account Procedure: * Ask the customer to fill up the form for closing the account * Verify the signature Get approval from the CSD in charge. * Deduct the necessary taxable amount and service charge from the balance * Calculate the net balance and ask the customer to draw the cheque of net balance and present it at the cash counter to issue cash * Get approval from all the department heads and file the document in account close section. Documents required while closing an account: Personal Account (saving) * Remaining cheque book * Debit card * Signature of the account holder in the account closing form Joint account * Remaining cheque book * ATM card Signature of all the members in account closing form Sole Proprietorship Account (other than Saving/ Premium Account) * Remaining cheque book * ATM card * Stamp of the company in the account closing form Account closure charges: * Rs. 750 for account closed, below six month from opened date. * Rs. 250 for account closed, after six month from opened date. 4. 2. 4 Cheque Book Issue Check book is issued at free incase the account holder lost the old request slip attached by the bank in previous cheque book. in such case RS 200 is charged. Procedure: The customer is asked to fill the white slip or new cheque book request slip of their old cheque book ( if they had used cheque book before) * Acco unt no is inserted on cheque inventory of computer system * Signature of Account holder is matched of slip and system. * Starting no and ending no of cheque book is inserted and posted * Cheque book record is kept on respective file and customer is asked to sign on it * The lost cheque of the concerned account is blocked in cheque inventory of pumari plus system. 4. 2. 5 On Demand statementSometimes the customer demand for the statement of the transactions. Issuing the statement means giving the whole transaction history of the account from the date as asked by the customer up to previous day it is requested. No fee is charged. and statmend is only given to the account holder or the agents if any mentioned. Process: * Enter date from and up to statement is requested * Print the statement * make the record in register * Signature is verified and handover to the customer. 4. 2. 6 Balance Enquiry Is provided upon the request of the customer and is provided only to the account holder. 4 . 2. ATM Card Distribution Debit card distribution process: * When the card is received from the head office they are checked and recorded. * After which the account holder are informed about their card arrival via telephone. * Upon the arrival of the customer they are asked for their names and ac no if not then checked in the information from pumori and record the ATM in delivery register. * Then customer asked to sign on register. * Signature is verified. * At the day end, after 4 o’clock all card holders’ account no. , ATM no. , are arranged in a table form in computer and mailed to card centre for aking card active. 4. 2. 8 Other activities done : * Explain services * Answer general questions * Refers to person who can help them with their problems * filling the documents * printing * fax sending * assisting other departments personnal with their work Signature Scanning Scanning of the signature is to be done and approved by Department head on the same day of accou nt opening. When a customer comes to get new cheque book or ATM card or get statement the signature of the customer should be verified to the scanned signature in the account opening form.Balance of Certificate Issuance (BOC) BOC is written in the name of account holder by the Bank. It is issued as per request of the customer. On the issuance of BOC IDBL charges Rs 200. BOC is usually issued inequivalent of US dollar, euro dollar or pound. Customers applying for visa for going abroad usually require BOC. Cheque Destroying: Cheque destroying is not a frequent activity of CSD but it is a very crucial activity and it is considered highly sensitive. It is performed even there is certain mistakes in cheque printing.The cheque serial number must be same in the system (Pumori) and in the physical cheque. So, when the serial numbers do not match. The cheques are destroyed in the system and â€Å"void† is written in the physical cheque. The destroyed cheques are kept in the vault as t he cheque is equivalent to cash and likely to be misused if not destroyed and stored safely. Providing general information about the services provided: People come to bank for the different purposes and may not be clear about what they should do next or whom they should contact to get their job done.In such case, CSD is responsible for providing true and accurate information. People may inquire different things over telephone as well. CSD provides the correct information inquired by the customers. CHAPTER –FIVE CONCLUSION AND LESSON LEARNT 5. 1. Conclusion The intern chooses Prime Commercial Bank Ltd. for my internship. The intern felt it will provide with the practical exposure in the field. During intern’s internship period the staffs of PCBL were very cooperative and guided me all the way till the end of my internship period i. e. two months.All the knowledge gained in this whole period will surely be handy for my career in the field of banking sector. The theoretic al knowledge that gained in intern’s college is backed up with this internship program due to its practical nature. Furthermore, to learn new lesson which were not covered in classes. It was exciting to see the real professional environment of the office. There were many departments each specializing in its own field. Intern was very comfortable; they provided intern with their senior staff as intern’s instructor Mr.Geha Ranjan Joshi (BM) and respected staff took intern to many departments to help intern gain good knowledge about the real time scenario of an agency. PCBL has its policy, performance to attract its customers with many special provisions of the deposit system, the loans ; advances and it has opened most of its branches in the business area. Staffs of PCBL are motivated and they are well qualified and trained and also the bank has provided the internship program as well with opportunity for employment. PCBL has possibility of earning more profit and goodwi ll in the future as its financial statement growth rate is positive.Customer Service Department is the main interactive part of the bank, front desk service where first customer interacts and tries to deal with their particular tasks. The first hand service is provided from this section. Almost all the minor detail of the bank related issue can be handling through this section. Therefore, front desk is encouraging customers to come PCBL for the services like remittance and other. According to the survey done during my internship period shows that customers are satisfied with the behavior shown towards them.And major reason for using PCBL by customers also found to be customer relationship. 5. 2. Lessons Learnt 1) The most important thing that I have learned during May internship period is the value of time. Time is always a determining thing. Timing of work is the key for the success. During my internship period I have seen employee just say I will do it later and they forget to do that work. After some time senor give ring and said that why don’t you guys do that? What are you doing? After that they seem to be mentally weak. That reflects they seem to be mentally weak.That reflect on their work and finally on their performance appraisal. 2) Clear division of work is key for success of any organization. During my internship I have found LXBL Maharjung branch lack that. The employee of CSD are quite confused with their responsibility. The senior of them from cash department assign lots of work to the employees of CSD which are under their responsibility of cash department . they are junior and they have to follow orders They star to do that work and lots their work are on pending. These after some problem on point 1 starts. ) Leader and the leadership quality of a leader is another important thing for the smooth function of organization. It also reflects on the effectiveness and efficiency of the work. 4) Flexibility is also key service for the customer satisfaction. Lots of time costumer can't get service because they don’t have exact document the organization demands. If a customer has a supporting document that there is right and if they have the required document, but they forget to bring. Then the organization should be able to provide the service to the costumers. ) CSD and the teller is the main place, where the costumers visit the most. How the employee on CSD and teller because to costumer, the reception of the costumers about the bank is made that way. 6) The interpersonal relation required, the employee is also one of the important factors for the success of organization. 7) The mental attitude of employee is also an important factor. Every employee should also understand that we are all human beings. We all have feelings. We all have emotion. We have master of our world so the leader doesn’t have to think that he is the senior and whatever I said they have to follow it.And junior doesn't have to think I am tae junior and they don’t listen to me. 8) Eagerness toward the work and toward the progress leads towards the development of employee as well as the high level performance an organization. 9) Human resource management is the main key of success for an organization. We can do whatever change to the infrastructure and the technology and other thing. Unless and until your employees are not motivated as manager you can't do anything. 10) Last but not the least, the organization structure, culture and most importantly the employees are the key success of an organization.

Legal and Financial Aspects Influencing a Start Up Business Essay

Legal and financial aspects will affect the start-up of a business in many ways. These can aid the start-up of a business, or they can make the business struggle. Financial aspects that will make your affect the start-up of your business negatively would be things like an increase in costs for things such as expenses e.g Electricity, resources for product, wages. If you have just started your business, and you are already losing money, there is not really any point in continuing the business. If you can’t cover your expenses you will not make any profit, so you will need to pay attention to the Break Even Point, to see if with the combined cost of expenses and costs, and the amount of money you are making from sales, that you are actually making profit, not making a profit, or you are just losing money. Someone starting up a business will need to plan a budget, this is essential if you don’t want to get into a worst case scenario and not have any idea what to do in that situation, to create a budget you should pay attention the current economic status, then how much your fixed and variable costs will cost. Someone starting up a business should also make a reserve of money so that if the economy makes a turn for the worse, they will be able to fund the losses and keep the business going. Legal aspects of a start-up business are needed to be known by the person starting up the business, if you do not know these you will lots of trouble understanding the legal requirements and responsibilities of managing and running a business. Legal aspects that would affect the start-up of a business would be things like licences; you may need a minimum of a business licence and tax registration to start up a business, but it depends on what sector you are operating in. To start up a business you need to categorise yourself into one of these ownerships, a sole proprietorship (A business owned and managed by a single person), a partnership (A business owned by two or more people) or a corporation (A business owned by a large varied group of people), then you register that information to the Inland Revenue, providing this information early also lets them receive money back. When you start up a business it is essential to remember to charge clients and employees VAT (Value Added Tax), the profit from the VAT is then sent to the Inland Revenue. Privately owned companies need to pay Corporation tax which again goes to the Inland Revenue. When you are starting a business and hiring employees, Health and  Safety Responsibilities should be remembered, since you need to make sure that your employees are working in a safe environment, you will need to carry out a risk assessment to identify the risks for employees, customers etc.

Swot Analysis of Ambuja Cement Essay Example

Swot Analysis of Ambuja Cement Essay Example Swot Analysis of Ambuja Cement Essay Swot Analysis of Ambuja Cement Essay PIONEER INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES (PIPS) (Diligence Excellence) Since 1996 SWOT ANALYSIS Phase # I II Ambuja Cement Limited SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY : Prof. Vidushi Sharma Akhilesh Shrimore MBA-IIISem(MH-I) Roll No. -10010011 CONTENT : * Company profile * SWOT analysis * Recommendations/ suggestions * Conclusion * References sources COMPANY PROFILE * Ambuja Cements Limited formerly known as  Gujarat Ambuja Cement Limited  is a major  Cement producing company in  India. The Groups principal activity is to manufacture and market cement for both domestic and export market. * Founded in : 1983 * Founded by : Narotam Sekhsaria * The company’s management control got acquired by the global cement major Holicim in 2006. PROMOTERS Mr. Narotam Sekhsaria Mr. Suresh Neotia Mr. Onne Van Der Weijde Mr. A. L. Kapur Mr. B. B. Tandon Mr. P. K. Laheri Mr. Manmohan Malhoutra Mr. Sharadchandra Kale VISION To be the most admired and competitive company in the cement industry†. MISSION Create value for all – Delighted customer Motivated employees Enlightened partners Energized society Loyal shareholders Healthy environment TOP M ANAGEMENT CHAIRMAN : N S Sekhsaria VICE CHAIRMAN : Paul Hugentobler    DIRECTOR : M L Bhakta Markus Akermann Nasser Munjee Rajendra P Chitale Shailesh Haribhakti Omkar Goswami COMPANY SECRETARY : B L Taparia MANAGING DIRECTOR : Onne Van Der Weijde PRODUCTS PRODUCT NAME UNITS Cement Metric Tonnes Clinker Metric Tonnes CORPORATE OFFICES Head Office : MUMBAI Elegant Business Park, MIDC Cross Road B, Off Andheri Kurla Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400059 Tel: 022 – 40667000 LOCATION OF MANUFACTURING UNIT * Rabriyawas (Rajasthan) * Ambujanagar (Gujarat) Dhaulagiri(West Bengal) * Suli ; Rauri(Himachal Pradesh) * Daburji(Punjab) * Maratha Cement Works (Maharashtra) FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THE COMPANY Year | 10-11 | 09-10 | Sales(Cr. ) | 4411. 54 | 4107. 15 | Gross Profit (Cr. ) | 1304. 69 | 1328. 27 | Depreciation (Cr. ) | 213. 48 | 176. 79 | Interest(Cr. ) | 48. 69 | 22. 43 | Taxation(Cr. ) | 336. 23 | 318. 16 | PBDIT(Cr. ) | 2,074. 70 | 2,104. 38 | PBDT(Cr. ) | 2,026. 01 | 2,081. 95 | E P S(Cr. ) | 7. 28 | 7. 79 | OPM(%) | 27. 77 | 31. 53 | GPM(%) | 28. 86 | 31. 93 | NPM(%) | 16. 70 | 20. 51 | Dividend Per Share(Cr. ) | 2. 60 | 2. 40 | Net Profit / Loss(Cr. ) | 754. 98 | 853. 40 | SHAREHOLDING PATTERN – AMBUJA CEMENTS LTD. Holders Name No. of Shares % Share Holding Promoters 12081909 0. 79% Foreign Promoter 759661201 49. 60% Foreign Institutions 363631987 23. 74% Financial Institutions 19688942 12. 85% General Public 117606774 7. 68% N Banks Mutual Funds 27357102 1. 9% Foreign NRI 17312703 1. 13% Other Companies 8847097 0. 58% Others 1036570 0. 07% Foreign Ocb 12870 0. 00% TOTAL 1327237155 100% SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS * ACL enjoys a reputation of being one of the most efficient cement manufacturers in the world. * The company has strategic partnership with  Holcim, which is the second largest cement manufacturer in the world. Having major share of Holcim so can take advantage of being MNC. * Best Quality. * Good Packaging. * Logistics Management. * Low Energy Consumption. * Ability to sell total production. * Consumer Preferences. * Consistency in Performance. * Cost Leadership. * IT integration. * Organizational structure. * Lower energy cost due to improved value coal and use of non conventional fuels. * Lower transportation cost due to increased transport through sea router for bulk shipping. * Excellent management team to cope with changing environment. * Very less dependent on government coal and power. High distribution efficiency and sound to cope up with economic situation. * Processing own Jetty and Ships useful for timely and cheap transport. * Lower transportation cost due to increased transport through sea router from bulk shipping. * Excellent innovation engineering and technological skill useful for operating excellence. * Excellent management team to cope with changing environment. * The su pply chain management system in the ACL is quite focused and good. WEAKNESSES * No International presence * Not able to exploit the advantage of being near the sea coast. * No national geographic coverage as in case of competition. Very limited fragmentation of plant, which avoid is presence in very sub regional markets. * The pace of new capacity addition by the industry has not been as fast as previously, therefore pricing pressure. * Does not match international Quality standard. OPPORTUNITIES * There is increase in Demand in India * They can undertake some Projects in Future * They can go Global * Company’s financial condition is good so they can start a new manufacturing unit and can increase production. * Basic raw material is easily available hence they can reduce cost to compete with other. Housing construction in the urban, affordable housing loan provision by bank, that can hike demand. * ACL Can get more foreign exchange by increase bulk cement capacity through th e ship. * Easy loan availability for housing finance. * Increased investments in infrastructure. * To penetrate in Southern India. * Not many restrictions by government. THREATS * Increasing Competition day by day. * High Capital Cost. * Raw Material ,Transportation and Power cost are increasing so it will lead to low profitability. * Threats from the economic cycles. I. e. Recession or growth. Government policies, local political changes interruption in management. * Exchange rate fluctuation having direct effect on bottom line as well as on export. * Market competitor’s price. * Surge in Oil prices. * RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Acquire poor performing cement factories outside India. 2. Venture into new business that requires cement. CONCLUSION Today, ACL has become one of the larger and profitable cement units in the Indian Cement Industry. It has done his job within a very short time by providing itself as an efficient unit. From the very beginning it has maintain high quality standard and it has been approved by granting it ISO 9002. Now slowly it is going towards the international market and has started to spread its wings over there. It is slowly and steadily moving towards the grand success. REFERENCES * www. ambujacement. com * www. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ambuja_Cements * www. scribd. com/doc/12881357/Gujrat-Ambuja-Cement * www. companiesandmarkets. com/ /ambuja-cements * www. live-pr. com/ /ambuja-cements-limited-ambujace * www. marketresearch. com/ /Ambuja-Cements-Limited THANK YOU !

Single Source Essay Over Short Story Essays

Single Source Essay Over Short Story Essays Single Source Essay Over Short Story Essay Single Source Essay Over Short Story Essay Shirley Jackson’s story The Lottery illustrates a village and the citizens caught up in tradition and the past. It is like a place caught in time, where progress is slow to come. While hints of progress show here and there, the core of the village and the people within it are based in a time many years before. They seem incapable of taking the steps necessary to burgeon into a truly modern town of the time, nor do they seem to want to.The setting is casual, even idyllic. It could be any vllage in the world, and the people could easily be anyone’s neighbors. It   is difficult to picture a more normal scene than is represented in the first two or three paragraphs.   It is only when you progress a little farther that seems get curious, and even then it appears to be some sort of celebration   that will result in someone gaining some great prize.Hints of the village’s anachronism come early on, in the form of the obvious division of the sexes. While the men gathered first, â€Å"speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes† (para 3), the women followed them in their â€Å"faded house dresses and sweaters† (para 3), gossiping together. The behavior of the children indicates that they know who is in charge, coming only after being called several times by their mothers, showing them far less respect than Bobby Martin does to his father, who he obeys immediately.Later in the story, this obvious patriarchal view of life becomes even more obvious as it is the men who draw the lots, or the oldest boy, if old enough, if the man is unable due to injury or death. The one woman who is allowed to draw a lot only does so because her son is not yet old enough to take that responsibility, and judging from the reactions and words of the other villagers, it seems highly to be a highly unnatural state of things.Everything about the story lends credence to the idea that these people live in the past, but nothing mo re so than their lottery. This tradition is something to which they hold on fiercely, any mention of other towns who have given up the practice being met with scorn. Mr. Warner, the oldest man in the village, expresses the sentiment of at least most of the villagers rather succinctly as he states â€Å"There’s always been a lottery† (para 32), expecting that reason to validate the practice and speaking with obvious scorn and disgust about those who have left the tradition behind.Even Tessie Hutchinson, who through her earlier actions might seem to have a reluctance to continue the practice, does not dispute its validity in the end. Instead, she can only declare how unfair it was that her family, and specifically herself, was chosen, even to the extent that she attempted to decrease her own chances of being the one to die by insisting that her oldest, married daughter draw with the family. She never goes so far as to dispute the need for the lottery, simply her own posi tion as the sacrificial lamb.Jackson further perpetuates the feeling that the villagers will not soon let go of their valued tradition, as the baton passes to yet another generation as Tessie’s son Davy was given pebbles of his own to throw so that he could contribute to the death of his own mother and thus continue the cycle in later years.Through this story, we can see the dangers of not letting go of the past and of letting progress pass us by. Such violent and barbaric traditions can only make the dark monsters within ourselves grow, even if all outward appearances belie the truth of that inhumanity.

9 Great Mark Twain Quotes on Travel, Writing, and Life

9 Great Mark Twain Quotes on Travel, Writing, and Life SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Mark Twain has been a household name since the nineteenth century. Known for the bestselling adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer, Twain has also gained popularity for the pithy words of wisdom he shared. Mark Twain's Biography Mark Twain grew up in the town of Hannibal, Missouri, which was the setting of both Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. Before he became a renowned author, Twain was an apprentice to a printer, then went on to be a typesetter for a newspaper company owned by Orion Clemens, his older brother. Twain attributed his later success in journalism and writing to his experiences working in mines and on riverboats. Christened by William Faulkner as â€Å"the father of American literature,† Twain authored some of the most popular works in American history, including A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and more. 9 Great Mark Twain Quotes Mark Twain was known for his quotes about life, honesty, racism, productivity, and more. Here are some of the best Mark Twain quotes about life. Mark Twain Quotes About Honesty "If you tell the truth, you don't have to remember anything." â€Å"Mark Twain's Notebook" edited by Albert Paine. According to Mark Twain's quote on honesty, telling the truth saves you from the stress of having to remember the lives you’ve told. Life is easier, the air feels fresher, and stress melts away if you live your life simply and honestly. Mark Twain Quotes About Conflict "Whenever you find that you are on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect." "Mark Twain's Notebook" edited by Albert Paine. In this quote, Mark Twain examines the value in swimming against the current. According to Twain, people that refuse to conform with the crowd become leaders, while others are followers. The quote asks the reader to consider: why stay with the crowd? What can be gained? What can be lost? Mark Twain Quotes About Conformity "Loyalty to petrified opinions never yet broke a chain or freed a human soul in this world - and never will." "Bite-Size Twain" by Mark Twain Like the previous quote, this quote highlights the futility of staying loyal to a thought or opinion that doesn't make sense. In fact, Twain goes so far as to say that sticking to ideas held in the past actively prevents progress. Mark Twain Quotes About Imagination "You can't depend on your eyes when your imagination is out of focus." "A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court" by Mark Twain This quote highlights the idea that your eyes are fallible: they’ll see what they want to see. If you want to see something, you’ll see it, even if it’s not already there. Mark Twain Quotes About Popularity "The best of us would rather be popular than right." "No. 44, the Mysterious Stranger" By Mark Twain This Mark Twain quote calls out one of humanity’s biggest faults: most of us would rather be beloved than correct. That desire for acceptance and appreciation drives us more than anything else. Mark Twain Quotes About Prejudice "I have no race prejudices nor caste prejudices nor creed prejudices. All I care to know is that a man is a human being, and that is enough for me; he can't be any worse." "Concerning the Jews" by Mark Twain This quote by Mark Twain highlights the writer’s view of prejudice. Twain indicates that all he cares about is whether or not someone is a human being. Nothing else matters. Mark Twain Quotes About Temptation "To promise not to do a thing is the surest way in the world to make a body want to go and do that very thing." "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" by Mark Twain This quote highlights a well-known conundrum: nothing makes you want to do something like being told you can’t do it. Mark Twain Quotes About Productivity "I must have a prodigious quantity of mind; it takes me as much as a week sometimes to make it up." "The Innocents Abroad" By Mark Twain Here, Twain highlights his tendency towards procrastination. He’s not the only one who avoids decision-making! Mark Twain Quotes About Travel "Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts. Broad, wholesome, charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by vegetating in one little corner of the earth all one's lifetime." "The Innocents Abroad" By Mark Twain According to Twain, travel is the antidote for prejudice. When you see the world, you can’t help but open your eyes to different kinds of people. â€Å"It liberates the vandal to travel - you never saw a bigoted, opinionated, stubborn, narrow-minded, self-conceited, almighty mean man in your life but he had stuck in one place since he was born and thought God made the world and dyspepsia and bile for his especial comfort and satisfaction.† â€Å"The Wit and Wisdom of Mark Twain† by Mark Twain This quote follows a similar train of thought as the previous quote: travel helps people learn about and appreciate other peoples and cultures. Mark Twain Didn’t Say That There are plenty of quotes attributed to Mark Twain. There are also plenty of quotes inaccurately attributed to Mark Twain. Here are some of our favorite quotes that Mark Twain didn’t say: â€Å"If I had more time, I would have written a shorter letter.† â€Å"The secret of getting ahead is getting started.† "Be careful about reading health books. You may die of a misprint.† â€Å"Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn’t do than by the ones you did do.† â€Å"Never put off until tomorrow what you can do the day after tomorrow.† Mark Twain Quotes: Final Thoughts As a famed writer, it’s not surprising that so many of Mark Twain’s sayings have made it to present day. Did we include your favorites? Let us know in the comments. What's Next? Not sure what literary devices are or how to use them? Here are some in-depth posts on imagery, assonance, point of view, and personification that define these important terms and show you how to find them in literature. Learning to interpret poetry? Luckily, we have great resources for you! Check out this post that walks you through a complete analysis of the poem â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night.† Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Hayley Milliman About the Author Hayley Milliman is a former teacher turned writer who blogs about education, history, and technology. When she was a teacher, Hayley's students regularly scored in the 99th percentile thanks to her passion for making topics digestible and accessible. In addition to her work for PrepScholar, Hayley is the author of Museum Hack's Guide to History's Fiercest Females. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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